UDI Volume 55 (September 2017) |
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Nikola V. Dimitrov, Blagoja Markoski*, Ivan Radevski, Vladimir Zlatanoski
Bitola – from Eyalet capital to regional centre in the Republic of Macedonia Urban Development Issues, vol. 55, 67–82. DOI: 10.2478/udi-2018-0006
Keywords: Bitola, Monastir, administrative centre, capital, Eyalet of Rumelia, municipality of Bitola
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ABSTRACT
In the past nine hundred years Bitola has undergone a string of administrative and political rises and falls. In the course of the 16th century the city grew to have a very large population and become a huge economic and geopolitical centre of the large province of Rumelia in the Ottoman Empire. However, as a result of some overwhelming political and military events that played out during the 20th century (the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the Balkan wars, WW1, WW2 and other economic, political, technical and technological developments that occurred in the world and in the country) Bitola was reduced to a mere local city in economic, geopolitical and population terms. The immediate economic and population expansion of Bitola is presented through an exact numeric and cartographic overview of spatial-temporal changes in the city’s development in the past two centuries. For the purposes of rendering a more accurate image, we have compared Bitola’s population, administrative and geopolitical role with a number of major Balkan cities.
In the past nine hundred years Bitola has undergone a string of administrative and political rises and falls. In the course of the 16th century the city grew to have a very large population and become a huge economic and geopolitical centre of the large province of Rumelia in the Ottoman Empire. However, as a result of some overwhelming political and military events that played out during the 20th century (the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the Balkan wars, WW1, WW2 and other economic, political, technical and technological developments that occurred in the world and in the country) Bitola was reduced to a mere local city in economic, geopolitical and population terms. The immediate economic and population expansion of Bitola is presented through an exact numeric and cartographic overview of spatial-temporal changes in the city’s development in the past two centuries. For the purposes of rendering a more accurate image, we have compared Bitola’s population, administrative and geopolitical role with a number of major Balkan cities.
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Savezni zavod za statistiku (Yugoslavia). Total population, households and dwellings, population censuses 1921-1991
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Turkish documents on Macedonian history (1958), vol. 5 (1827-1839), Skopje.
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Internet sources
Rumelia Eyalet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet [accessed: 23.03.2014]
World history at KMLA. History of Rumelia: http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/balkans/xrumelia.html [accessed: 15.09.2016]
Monastir Vilayet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastir_Vilayet [accessed: 15.09.2016]
Salonica Vilayet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salonica_Vilayet [accessed: 15.09.2016]
Kosovo Vilayet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet [accessed: 15.09.2016]
Scutari Vilayet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet [accessed: 15.09.2016]
Birken, A. (1976) Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients (Reihe B (Geisteswissenschaften), 13), Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden [in German].
Bitoski, K. (1966) Prilog kon proucuvanjeto na Bitolskite esnafi I nivnata opshtestvena uloga vo XIX vek, GINI, G. X, broj 1, 137-163 [in Macedonian].
Dimeski, D. (1982) Makedonskoto nacionalnoosloboditelno dvizhenje vo Bitolskiot vilaet (1893-1903), DNUB, Skopje [in Macedonian].
Dimitrov, V. N. & Ognenovski T. (2009) Bitolski region naselenie i naselbi, Bitola [in Macedonian].
Dimitrov, V. N. (1998) Urbano geografski razvoj na Bitola, Bitola [in Macedonian].
Dimitrov, V. N. (2005) Geografsko-istoriski pregled na stopanskiot podem na Bitola vo XIX vek, Zbornik na trudovi od tribina: Bitola niz vekovite VIII, Bitola vo XIX vek – ekonomski prosperitet, Bitola, 5-23 [in Macedonian].
Grujoski, T. (1971) Bitola – dejstvoto na osnovnite faktori vrz opshtestveno-ekonomskiot razvoj, Bitola [in Macedonian].
Konstantinov, Hr. M. (1961) Zanaeti I esnafi vo Bitola i okolinata, Naucno drushtvo, Bitola [in Macedonian].
Matkovski, A. & Angelkova, P. (1974) Patuvanjeto na dvajca anglichani niz Makedonija vo 1839, 1842 i 1844 g., GINI, G. XVIII, broj 1, 236-237 [in Macedonian].
Matkovski, A. (1992) Makedonija vo delata na stranskite patepisci 1864-1874, Misla, Skopje [in Macedonian].
Matkovski, A. (2000) Makedonija vo delata na stranskite patepisci 1864-1874, Skopje [in Macedonian].
Matkovski, A. (2001) Makedonija vo delata na stranskite patopisci 1875-1878 g., Gjurgja, Skopje [in Macedonian].
Petkova, М. R. (1993/94) Razvojot na botolskata carshija (do II Svetska vojna), Zbornik na trudovi 4-5, Zavod za zashtita na spomenicite na kulturata I prirodnite retkosti, muzej i galerija, Bitola, 138-139 [in Macedonian].
Poljanski Andonov, Hr. (1972) Kon istorijata na trgovijata na Bitola vo 1856 g., GINI, G. XVI, broj 3, 203-219 [in Macedonian]
Poljanski Andonov, Hr. (1982) Britanski dokumenti za istorijata na makedonskiot narod, (volume 3, 1848-1856), Arhiv na Makedonija, Skopje, Dokument br. 90 od 12.02.1852 g. [in Macedonian]
Senkevich, I. (1967) M. A. Hitrovo – prv ruski konzul vo bitolskiot kraj (1861 - 1864), GINI, G. XI, broj 1, 117-118 [in Macedonian]
Sotirovski, N. (1966) Eden nepoznat izveshtaj za bitolskiot pashalak od 1856 g. (Glasnik na pravniot fakultet vo Skopje, 10), Skopje, 189-190 [in Macedonian].
Savezni zavod za statistiku (Yugoslavia). Total population, households and dwellings, population censuses 1921-1991
State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia, population censuses 1948-2002
Stamboliska, S. (2005) Izveshtaj za Bitolskiot pashalak na francuskiot vicekonzul vo Bitola i Beleg de Buga od 1856 g, Skopje [in Macedonian].
Turkish documents on Macedonian history (1958), vol. 5 (1827-1839), Skopje.
Ursinus, M. (1991) “Manāstir”, The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, vol. 6: Mahk–Mid, BRILL, Leiden and new York, 371-372.
Zografski, D. (1967) Razvitok na kapitalistickite elementi vo Makedonija za vreme na turskoto vladeenje, Skopje [in Macedonian].
Internet sources
Rumelia Eyalet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet [accessed: 23.03.2014]
World history at KMLA. History of Rumelia: http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/balkans/xrumelia.html [accessed: 15.09.2016]
Monastir Vilayet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastir_Vilayet [accessed: 15.09.2016]
Salonica Vilayet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salonica_Vilayet [accessed: 15.09.2016]
Kosovo Vilayet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet [accessed: 15.09.2016]
Scutari Vilayet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet [accessed: 15.09.2016]