Rafał Myszka & Kinga Niedziółka-Rybak
Authority and urban space in the city landscape Urban Development Issues, vol. 59, 55–63 DOI: 10.2478/udi-2018-0028
Keywords: authority, urban space, city landscape, architecture
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ABSTRACT
Central areas of major cities have always been of interest to totalitarian regimes. All publicly accessible areas were meant not only to be highlights of the metropolis, but also symbols of political ideologies. In communist times the glamour of the regime was supposed to be reflected in large scale and representative urban and architectural complexes. This article presents some such examples from the era of Soviet domination in Eastern Europe. Following the typology by Krzysztof Nawratek we took a closer look at how the central public space was shaped in Kiev, Warsaw, Sofia, Bucharest and Vilnius.
Central areas of major cities have always been of interest to totalitarian regimes. All publicly accessible areas were meant not only to be highlights of the metropolis, but also symbols of political ideologies. In communist times the glamour of the regime was supposed to be reflected in large scale and representative urban and architectural complexes. This article presents some such examples from the era of Soviet domination in Eastern Europe. Following the typology by Krzysztof Nawratek we took a closer look at how the central public space was shaped in Kiev, Warsaw, Sofia, Bucharest and Vilnius.
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Blockmans, W. P. (2003) Reshaping Cities: The Staging of Political Transformation, Journal of Urban History, 30(1), 7–20.
Cavalcanti M. (1992) Totalitarian States and Their Influence on City-Form: The Case of Bucharest. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 9(4), 275–286.
Chmielewski, J. M. (2001) Teoria urbanistyki w projektowaniu i planowaniu miast, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej, Warsaw [in Polish].
Cullen, G. (1961) The Concise Townscape, Architectural Press, Routledge, London – New York.
Czepczyński, M. (2008) Cultural Landscapes of Post-Socialist Cities: Representation of Powers and Needs, Routledge, New York.
Drėmaitė M., n.d., Urban Planning and a Hierarchy of Cities, Vilnius Regional Archives.
Available from: http://www.mmcentras.lt/cultural-history/cultural-history/architecture/19441954-the-stalinist-period-in-architecture/urban-planning-and-a-hierarchy-of-cities/77654 [accessed: 14.09.2018].
Drozdowski, M. M. & Zahorski, A. (2004) Historia Warszawy. Warsaw, Jeden Świat
Gospodini, A. (2004) Urban Morphology and Place Identity in European Cities: Built Heritage and Innovative Design, Journal of Urban Design, 9(3), 225–248.
Kaleva, E. (2013) The Best Examples of the Architectural Heritage of Socialism in Bulgaria, ICOMOS – Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees, 58, 80–84.
Leśniakowska, M. (2000) Architektura w Warszawie. Lata 1918–1939, Arkada, Warsaw [in Polish].
Light, D. & Young, C. (2010) Reconfiguring socialist urban landscapes: the ‘left-over’spaces of state-socialism in Bucharest, HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES – Journal of Studies and Research in Human Geography, 4(1), 5–16.
Lynch, K. (1960) The Image of the City, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Maciuika, J. V. (1999) East Bloc, West View: Architecture and Lithuanian National Identity, TDSR Berkeley, 11(1), 23–38.
Muller, J. & Wieczorkiewicz, A. (1935) Plac Marszałka Piłsudskiego w świetle konkursu, Architektura i Budownictwo: miesięcznik ilustrowany, 11(3), 65–66.
Nawratek K. (2005) Ideologie w przestrzeni, Universitas, Krakow [in Polish].
Oliynyk, O. (2006) The Architectural Image of Kiev’s Central Square as a Symbol of National Identity, De Urbanitate. Tales of Urban Lives and Spaces, 1, 83–92.
Rauta, A. (2013) Civic Centers under Ceauşescu’s Rule. The Failure to Articulate a Professional Discourse, De Urbanitate. Tales of Urban Lives and Spaces, Bucharest, 1, 105–119.
Scurtu I. (2005) Istoria contemporană a României (1918–2005), Editura Fundației România de Mâine, Bucarest [in Romanian].
Shtromas, A. (2003) Totalitarianism and the prospects for world order. Closing the Door on the Twentieth Century, Lexington Books, Oxford.
Stefański, K. (1982) Architektura polska 1949–1956, Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki, XXVII(1–2), 13–108 [in Polish].
Sudjic, D. (2015) Kompleks gmachu. Architektura władzy, Centrum Architektury, Warsaw [in Polish].
Szmidt, B. (1981) Ład przestrzeni, PIW, Warsaw [in Polish].
Szolginia, W. (1981) Estetyka miasta, Wydawnictwo Arkady, Warsaw [in Polish].
Trybuś, J. (2012) Warszawa niezaistniała, MN, MPW, BęcZmiana, Warsaw [in Polish].
Vasileva, A. & Kaleva E. (2017) Recharging socialism: Bulgarian socialist monuments in the 21st century, Stud. ethnol. Croat., 29, 171–192.
Wejchert, K. (1984) Elementy kompozycji urbanistycznej, Warsaw, Arkady, Warsaw [in Polish].
Zieliński, J. (2009) Realizm socjalistyczny w Warszawie, Fundacja Heredias, Warsaw [in Polish].
Ziembiński, Z. (1980) Problemy podstawowe prawoznawstwa, PWN, Warsaw [in Polish].